A Cataract is a dense cloudy area that forms on the lens of the eye. Cataracts prevent light from passing through the lens so that clear images are not formed on the retina. Cataracts are common in older people and they develop slowly. Usually, people do not realize that they have cataract until it starts to affect their vision significantly.
SYMPTOMS OF CATARACT
Cloudy Vision
Trouble seeing at night
Nearsightedness
Difficulty in seeing colours
Frequent changes in prescription glasses
CAUSES OF CATARACT
Smoking
Certain diseases such as diabetes
Trauma
Ultra-Violet radiation
An over production of oxidants which are oxygen molecules that have been chemically altered
RISK FACTORS
Ageing
Heavy alcohol use
Obesity
Smoking
Previous eye injuries
Diabetes
High Blood Pressure
Excessive exposure to sunlight
Prolonged use use of certain medications especially corticosteroids
HOW TO PREVENT CATARACTS
There are no proven ways to prevent cataract or slow down its progression. However, doctors have found a few strategies helpful.
Have regular eye exams: This helps to detect cataracts at an early stage.
Reduce alcohol intake
Wear Sunglasses: Always wear sunglasses that block UVA and UVB when you’re outdoors
Manage your health. People who have diabetes have to closely monitor their health and keep to their doctor’s appointments
Maintain a healthy diet
HOW CATARACT IS DIAGNOSED
To find out if you have cataract, your doctor will have to do a dilated eye examination; where eyedrops that will widen your pupils will be instilled.
WHAT TO DO ONCE YOU’RE DIAGNSED WITH CATARACT
Get an annual eye exam
Quit smoking if you smoke
Limit night driving once night vision becomes a problem
Manage other health problems especially diabetes, appropriately
TREATMENT
Cataracts are removed surgically. If the cataract has not reduced vision significantly, there might be no need to remove it. You might just need a new pair of glasses to help you see better.
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